Columbia University in the City of New York

Evidence-adjusted career presence. The 0.70× headline is a modelled rating, not an observed employment rate.

Raw observed/expected ratio: 0.15×. The same continuous evidence adjustment applies to every school: 1 + evidence weight × (raw ratio − 1). Evidence weight: 0.352. Small expected cohorts and disagreement between cohort definitions reduce this weight. Traditional reputation does not change a direct rating.

With alternative stability settings, this rating ranges from 0.51× to 0.82×. This is a model-sensitivity check, not a confidence interval or range of hiring odds.

Position ranges group the model's ordering for readability; they are not statistical confidence intervals. Traditional reputation is a proxy, not evidence of placement in this industry or programme availability.

Evidence-adjusted career presence. The 1.85× headline is a modelled rating, not an observed employment rate.

Raw observed/expected ratio: 1.89×. The same continuous evidence adjustment applies to every school: 1 + evidence weight × (raw ratio − 1). Evidence weight: 0.958. Small expected cohorts and disagreement between cohort definitions reduce this weight. Traditional reputation does not change a direct rating.

With alternative stability settings, this rating ranges from 1.82× to 1.87×. This is a model-sensitivity check, not a confidence interval or range of hiring odds.

Position ranges group the model's ordering for readability; they are not statistical confidence intervals. Traditional reputation is a proxy, not evidence of placement in this industry or programme availability.

Evidence-adjusted career presence. The 2.33× headline is a modelled rating, not an observed employment rate.

Raw observed/expected ratio: 3.45×. The same continuous evidence adjustment applies to every school: 1 + evidence weight × (raw ratio − 1). Evidence weight: 0.540. Small expected cohorts and disagreement between cohort definitions reduce this weight. Traditional reputation does not change a direct rating.

With alternative stability settings, this rating ranges from 1.91× to 2.83×. This is a model-sensitivity check, not a confidence interval or range of hiring odds.

Position ranges group the model's ordering for readability; they are not statistical confidence intervals. Traditional reputation is a proxy, not evidence of placement in this industry or programme availability.

Evidence-adjusted career presence. The 1.37× headline is a modelled rating, not an observed employment rate.

Raw observed/expected ratio: 2.08×. The same continuous evidence adjustment applies to every school: 1 + evidence weight × (raw ratio − 1). Evidence weight: 0.344. Small expected cohorts and disagreement between cohort definitions reduce this weight. Traditional reputation does not change a direct rating.

With alternative stability settings, this rating ranges from 1.22× to 1.61×. This is a model-sensitivity check, not a confidence interval or range of hiring odds.

Position ranges group the model's ordering for readability; they are not statistical confidence intervals. Traditional reputation is a proxy, not evidence of placement in this industry or programme availability.

Evidence-adjusted career presence. The 1.09× headline is a modelled rating, not an observed employment rate.

Raw observed/expected ratio: 1.40×. The same continuous evidence adjustment applies to every school: 1 + evidence weight × (raw ratio − 1). Evidence weight: 0.232. Small expected cohorts and disagreement between cohort definitions reduce this weight. Traditional reputation does not change a direct rating.

With alternative stability settings, this rating ranges from 1.05× to 1.17×. This is a model-sensitivity check, not a confidence interval or range of hiring odds.

Position ranges group the model's ordering for readability; they are not statistical confidence intervals. Traditional reputation is a proxy, not evidence of placement in this industry or programme availability.

Evidence-adjusted career presence. The 0.85× headline is a modelled rating, not an observed employment rate.

Raw observed/expected ratio: 0.47×. The same continuous evidence adjustment applies to every school: 1 + evidence weight × (raw ratio − 1). Evidence weight: 0.275. Small expected cohorts and disagreement between cohort definitions reduce this weight. Traditional reputation does not change a direct rating.

With alternative stability settings, this rating ranges from 0.74× to 0.92×. This is a model-sensitivity check, not a confidence interval or range of hiring odds.

Position ranges group the model's ordering for readability; they are not statistical confidence intervals. Traditional reputation is a proxy, not evidence of placement in this industry or programme availability.